Effect of Sin Tax on Electronic Cigarette Consumption in Quezon City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11111/ujost.v2i1.99Keywords:
Sin tax, E-Cigarette, Vape, Quezon City, Effect, Health, ConsumptionAbstract
Electronic nicotine-containing electronic apportioning frameworks, commonly known as electronic cigarettes, have been predominantly considered a less damaging elective to standard cigarette smoking. E-industries have rapidly expanded, utilizing intense advancing messages comparable to those used to progress cigarettes in decades. Moreover, e-cigarettes are more engaging than conventional cigarettes for various reasons: tallying the choice of distinctive flavors, ease of availability, and utilization and effect of media. In accordance with this, the implication of sin tax towards e-cigarettes is to define sin tax as exacted on particular merchandise and administrations when purchasing the goods or products. These things get the extract assessment due to their capacity, or discernment, to be destructive or expensive to society. The study aims to determine the effect of the sin tax on e-cigarette consumption in Quezon City. The descriptive-quantitative will be imposed in the study as it involves data collection that is relevant to answering the concern of the subject of the study. The researchers will use a snowball sampling technique to reach the target sample size of 385. This method relies on recommendations from individuals with a specific interest characteristic with the target population. Identifying relevant literature will lead to the development of a self-made questionnaire. Thus, a pilot study will be conducted among 30 UST students to show the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Using statistical software, a priori power analysis will be used to find the effect size given alpha. Moreover, the researchers will comply with the data privacy act law of 2013 and will ensure the commentary of the university's ethics and research review committee.
References
Abad, M. (2020, February 26). Philippines: Will e-cigarettes help you quit smoking? SEATCA. https://seatca.org/philippines-will-e-cigarettes-help-you-quit-smoking/
American Lung Association. (2020). Federal Priorities for the 117th Congress: Tobacco. https://www.lung.org/policy-advocacy/federal-action-plan/tobacco-priorities
Amin S, Dunn AG, Laranjo L. (2020). Social influence in the uptake and use of electronic cigarettes: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med;58(1):129–41.https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(19)30377-0/fulltext
ANRF. (2022, October 7). Electronic Smoking Devices and Secondhand Aerosol - American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation | no-smoke.org. American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation | no-smoke.org. https://no-smoke.org/electronic-smoking-devices-secondhand-aerosol/
Baclig, C. E. (2021, June 3). Tobacco use in PH: Health, income going up in smoke. Inquirer. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1440674/tobacco-use-in-ph-health-income-going-up-in-smoke
Bals, R., Boyd, J., & Esposito, S. (2019, February 1). Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society. European Respiratory Society. https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/53/2/1801151
Barrington-Trimis JL, Berhane K, Unger JB, et al. (2017). The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking. J Adolesc Health. 59(1):75–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth
Becker, T., & Rice, T. (2021, August 15). Youth vaping: a review and update on global epidemiology, physical and behavioral health risks, and clinical considerations. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04220-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=73dff44b-b9a9-48d0-8215-a515c7d4c1da
Bommele, J., & Hopman, P. (2020, July 27). The double-edged relationship between COVID-19 stress and smoking: Implications for smoking cessation. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32733178/
Breland, A. (2016, January 15). Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do? The New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12977
Cabral, P. (2022). E-cigarette use and intentions related to psychological distress among cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis vape users during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 10, 201. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00910-9
Carreras, G., & Lugo, A. (2022, September 1). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking consumption in a large representative sample of Italian adults. Tobacco Control. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/31/5/615
Cho, M. S. (2021, September 23). Factors Associated with Cigarette, E-Cigarette, and Dual Use among South Korean Adolescents. MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/10/1252
Cornelius, M., & Wang, T. (2020, November 19). Tobacco Product Use Among Adults — United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6946a4.html
Cullen, K.A., Ambrose ,B.K., Gentzke, A.S., Apelberg, B.J., Jamal, A., King, B.A.(2018). Notes from the field: use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(45):1276-1277. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6745a5
Dela Cruz, G. (2019, March 21). QC regulates use of e-cigarettes in public places. Metro News Central. http://metronewscentral.net/quezon-city/city-news/qc-regulates-use-of-e-cigarettes-in-public-places
Department of Finance. (2017, July 30). Sin Tax Reform. https://www.dof.gov.ph/advocacies/sin-tax-reform/
Department of Finance. (2020a). Sin Tax. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/sin-tax/
Department of Finance. (2020b, February 3). E-cigarette manufacturer backs ‘sin’ tax reform. Tax Reform. https://taxreform.dof.gov.ph/news_and_updates/e-cigarette-manufacturer-backs-sin-tax-reform/
Department of Health and Aged Care. (2022a). Can e-cigarettes help you to quit smoking? Australian Government. https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/smoking-and-tobacco/about-smoking-and-tobacco/about-e-cigarettes
Department of Health and Aged Care. (2022b). Tobacco advertising bans. Australian Government. https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/smoking-and-tobacco/tobacco-control/tobacco-advertising-bans
Devitt, M. (2018, March 30). Study Suggests E-cigarettes Cause More Harm Than Good. AAFP. https://www.aafp.org/news/health-of-the-public/20180330e-cigstudy.html
DOH. (2019, July 15). DOH AND FDA WARNS PUBLIC OF E-CIGARETTE USE. Department of Health. https://doh.gov.ph/press-release/DOH-and-FDA-warns-public-of-e-cigarette-use
E-cigarette manufacturer backs “sin” tax reform. (2020, February 3). Department of Finance. https://www.dof.gov.ph/e-cigarette-manufacturer-backs-sin-tax-reform/
Electronic Cigarette. (2020). Department of Health. https://doh.gov.ph/node/64
FDA. (2020, June 3). Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. U.S. Food And Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/rules-regulations-and-guidance/family-smoking-prevention-and-tobacco-control-act-overview
Frey, B. (2018). Snowball Sampling. Sage Research Methods. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506326139.n636
Ghadban, Y., Zgheib, N., & Romani, M. (2022, January 24). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking behavior and beliefs among the American University of Beirut community. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation. http://www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com/Impact-of-the-COVID-19-pandemic-on-smoking-behavior-and-beliefs-among-the-American,144499,0,2.html
Glantz, S., & Bareham, D. (2018, April). E-Cigarettes: Use, Effects on Smoking, Risks, and Policy Implications. Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757
Gotts, J. E. (2019, September 30). What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes? The BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5275
Guo, Y. R., & Cao, Q. D. (2020, March 13). The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32169119/
Hershberger, A. (2017, July 5). The Theory of Planned Behavior and E-cig Use: Impulsive Personality, E-cig Attitudes, and E-cig Use. SpringerLink. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9783-6
Hitchman, S. C., Cummings, M. K., Borland, R., Gravely, S. M. L., McNeill, A., & Fong, G. T. (2017, April 5). Does the Regulatory Environment for E-Cigarettes Influence the Effectiveness of E-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation?: Longitudinal Findings From the ITC Four Country Survey. OUP Academic. https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/19/11/1268/3061874
Jaminola, L. (2022, April 23). Strengthening Tobacco Regulation to Protect Young People. Philippine Legislators’ Committee on Population and Development. https://www.plcpd.org.ph/strengthening-tobacco-regulation-to-protect-young-people/
Johnston, L. D. (2020, December 31). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2020: Overview, Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use. ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED611736
Kalan, M. (2020). The Road to Vaping: E-cigarette-Only Susceptibility & Curiosity Among Adolescents. https://www.physiciansweekly.com/the-road-to-vaping-e-cigarette-only-susceptibility-curiosity-among-adolescents
Kalkhoran, S., & Levy, D. (2021, August 18). Smoking and E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34756629/
Koyama, S., & Tabuchi, T. (2021, June 5). Changes in Smoking Behavior Since the Declaration of the COVID-19 State of Emergency in Japan. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33746148/
LaMorte, W. (2019, September 9). The Theory of Planned Behavior. SPHWEB. https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioralchangetheories/BehavioralChangeTheories3.html
Laucks, P. (2020, March). The Dangers of Vaping. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7144697/
Lyzwinski, L. N. (2022, April 11). Global youth vaping and respiratory health: epidemiology, interventions, and policies. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-022-00277-9
Maia, E., & Stopa, S. (2018, April). Trends in Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Brazil: 2006-2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33600255/
MacDonald, J. (2021). Philippines: Pro-Consumer Vaping Bill Becomes Law. https://vaping360.com/vape-news/116113/philippines-vaping-regulations-become-law/#:~:text=The%20most%20important%20aspect%20of,could%20save%20millions%20of%20lives
Mantey, D.S., Cooper, M.R., Clendennen, S.L., Pasch, K.E., Perry, C.L. (2017). E-Cigarette Marketing Exposure Is Associated With E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Youth. J Adolesc Health.58(6):686–690. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.003.
Mateo, J. (2021, November 11). 77% say vapes pose serious threat to users. Philstar. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/11/11/2140435/77-say-vapes-pose-serious-threat-users-survey#:~:text=The%20survey%20showed%20that%20four,e%2Dcigarettes%20or%20vaping%2
Montemayor, M. T. (2020, January 23). DOH welcomes law on higher sin tax, vapes. Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1091726
Ocean Conservancy, International Coastal Cleanup. We Clean On. (2020). Washington, DC: Ocean Conservatory, International Coastal Cleanup. https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2020-ICC-Report_Web_FINAL-0909.pdf
Olmedo, P. (2018, February 21). Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2175
Oriakhi, M. (2020, March 26). Vaping: An Emerging Health Hazard. Cureus. https://www.cureus.com/articles/27686-vaping-an-emerging-health-hazard
Pavlov, D., Ivanova, A., Ng, G., Baliunas, D., & Selby, P. (2016, August 31). Concurrent E-Cigarette Use During Tobacco Dependence Treatment in Primary Care Settings: Association With Smoking Cessation at Three and Six Months. Oxford Academic. https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/19/2/183/2631714?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Pesko, M. (2020, July 24). The effects of traditional cigarette and e-cigarette tax rates on adult tobacco product use. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11166-020-09330-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=481d164a-ade5-4a93-a60f-e43a653be22b
PhilHealth. (2019, June 4). PhilHealth, DOH and DOF urge Senate to approve pending excise Sin Tax bill. https://www.philhealth.gov.ph/news/2019/urge_excise.php
Resano, J. E., & Manicio, Z. (2022, February). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Smoking and Vaping among Nursing Students in a Private University in Manila, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science. https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/111-vol-151-no-1-february-2022/1577-prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-smoking-and-vaping-among-nursing-students-in-a-private-university-in-manila-philippines
Rieger, J. (2020, July 14). For Universal Healthcare, the Philippines Tries “Sin Taxes.” The Asia Foundation. https://asiafoundation.org/2020/03/04/for-universal-healthcare-the-philippines-tries-sin-taxes/
Sapru, S. (2020, October 9). E-cigarettes use in the United States: reasons for use, perceptions, and effects on health - BMC Public Health. BioMed Central. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-09572-x
Schoren, C. (2017, April 1). Electronic cigarette use: comparing smokers, vapers, and dual users on characteristics and motivational factors. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation. https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/69392
Shih, C. (2019). Stakeholders’ Views on E-cigarette Legislation: A Qualitative Study in Taiwan. Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00354
Simonavicius, E., & McNeill, A. (2017). What factors are associated with current smokers using or stopping e-cigarette use? Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.002
Smith, L., & Jacob, L. (2020, September 29). Correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression and mental wellbeing associated with COVID-19. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32562931/
Smokefree. (2022). What We Know About Electronic Cigarettes. https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/ecigs-menthol-dip/ecigs
Social Contract Theory. (2016). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/
Soule, E. (2017, January 1). Electronic cigarette use and indoor air quality in a natural setting. Tobacco Control. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/26/1/109
The Union. (2021, April 14). Tobacco Control in Philippines. https://theunion.org/our-work/tobacco-control/bloomberg-initiative-to-reduce-tobacco-use-grants-program/tobacco-control-in-philippines
Tobacco Control Laws. (2022, May 23). Smoke Free Places. https://www.tobaccocontrollaws.org/legislation/country/philippines/summary
Tsai, J.Y., Bluthenthal, R., Allem, J.P. et al. (2017). Vape shop retailers' perceptions of their customers, products and services: A content analysis. Tob Prev Cessat;2(Suppl):3. doi: 10.18332/tpc/70345. Epub1. PMID: 28736758; PMCID: PMC5517047.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK99242/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538682/
WHO. (2017, January 10). Tobacco control can save billions of dollars and millions of lives. https://www.who.int/news/item/10-01-2017-tobacco-control-can-save-billions-of-dollars-and-millions-of-lives
Zare S, Nemati M, Zheng Y. (2018). A systematic review of consumer preference for e-cigarette attributes: Flavor, nicotine strength, and type. PLoS One. 5;13(3):e0194145. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194145. PMID: 29543907; PMCID: PMC5854347.
Zettler PJ, Hemmerich N, Berman ML. (2018).Closing the Regulatory Gap for Synthetic Nicotine Products. Boston Coll Law Rev. 2018;59(6):1933-1982. PMID: 30636822; PMCID: PMC6329380
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 UJoST- Universal Journal of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Scientiae Mundi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles in this journal are Open Access articles published under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA License This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work and source is properly cited.
Any derivative of the original must be distributed under the same license as the original.