The Moderating Effect of Location on Online Business Performance in the Philippines

Authors

  • Nathaniel Salcedo University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
  • Arthur Vincent Ballesteros University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
  • Marie Antoinette Rosete University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11111/ujost.v1i2.90

Keywords:

E-commerce, Online Business, Business Performance

Abstract

It has been proven that business location greatly affects the performance of traditional businesses. The rise of online businesses was mainly due to their convenience in terms of location and customer proximity. The study aims to determine whether location serves as a moderating factor in the newer online businesses in terms of various determinants. With the prevalence of e-commerce, we would like to determine if these variables still play a factor in choosing an online business location as likewise with traditional businesses. This research demonstrates whether or not an online business location is correlated with business firm size, capital, and internet connection. The results indicate that location does in fact serve as a moderator in the relationship between firm size, starting capital, internet connectivity, and firm performance.

References

Luo, Ba, & Zhang. (2012). The effectiveness of online shopping characteristics and well-designed websites on satisfaction. MIS Quarterly, 36(4), 1131.

Damuri, Y. R. (2020). An Overview of E-commerce Business and Consumers in Indonesia. E-commerce in Indonesia: The rise of online commerce and its impact on firms’ performance and consumers, 8-14.

Lee-Makiyama, H. (2018). E-Commerce and Digital Trade. Potential Benefits of an Australia-EU Free Trade Agreement: Key Issues and Options, 211-224.

Damuri, Y. R., Fauri, A. & Rafitrandi, D. (2021) E-Commerce Development and Regulation in Indonesia. Centre for Strategic and International Studies

Kong, S. T. (2019). E-commerce development in rural China.The Chinese Economic Trom Young Transformation: Views economists, 129-142.

Dekker, B. & Okano-Heijmans, M. (2020). Business: e-commerce, the platform economy and digital payments. Europe’s Digital Decade?: Navigating the global battle for digital supremacy, 15-24.

Studies, 44(5), 521–544. Martyniuk-Pęczek, J., Martyniuk, O., GIERUSZ, A. & Pęczek, G. (2017) Determinants of SME location in a suburban area: Evidence from the Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot metropolitan area, 28(1), 122-134.

Tripathi, S. & Kumar, S. (2017) Determinants of firm location choice in large cities in India: A binary logit model analysis. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 12(3), 45-62.

Schotter, A., & Beamish, P. W. (2013). The hassle factor: An explanation for managerial location shunning. Journal of International Business. Accessed March 4th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23434160.

Bowd, K. (2016). Social media and news media: Building new publics or fragmenting audiences?. Making Publics, Making Places, 129-144.

Aslam, N. S. & Cheng, Tao. (2018). Smart Card Data and Human Mobility. Consumer Data Research, 110-119.

Pilisuk, J. (2018) Inkomoko: creating sustainable businesses in Rwanda. Forest business incubation: Towards sustainable forest and farm producer organisation (FFPO) businesses that ensure climate resilient landscapes, 111-126.

Damuri Y. S. (2020). How E-commerce Affects Indonesian Business: Findings from the Business Survey. E-commerce in indonesia: the rise of online commerce and its impact on firms’ performance and consumers, 16-24.

Lanzolla, G., & Frankort, H. T. W. (2016). The Online Shadow of Offline Signals: Which Sellers Get Contacted in Online B2B Marketplaces? Academy of Management Journal, 59(1), 207–231.

Sridhar, S. & Srinivasan, R. (2012). Social Influence Effects in Online Product Ratings. Journal of Marketing, 70-88. Accessed March 4th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259145974_Social_Influence_Effects_in_Online_Product_Ratings.

Lyubareva, I., Benghozi, P. J., & Fidele, T. (2014). Online Business Models in Creative Industries. International Studies of Management & Organization, 44(4), 43–62.

WHITAKER, J., NEW, J. R., & IRELAND, R. D. (2016). MOOCs and the Online Delivery of Business Education What’s new? What’s not? What now? Academy of Management Learning & Education, 15(2), 345–365.

Lesser, J. A., & Hughes, M. A. (1986). The Generalizability of Psychographic Market Segments across Geographic Locations. Journal of Marketing, 50(1), 18–27. Accessed March 4th, 2022, retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002224298605000102.

Einav, L., Levin, J., Popov, I., & Sundaresan, N. (2014). Growth, Adoption, and Use of Mobile E-Commerce. The American Economic Review, 104(5), 489–494.

Wang, C. C., Zhang, T., & Song, Z. (2019). E-Commerce Adoption and the Dynamics of the SMEs Cluster: Evidence from Zhili Children’s Garment Town, China. China Review, 19(4), 125–150.

Zapata, S. D., Carpio, C. E., Isengildina-Massa, O., & Lamie, R. D. (2013). The Economic Impact of Services Provided by an Electronic Trade Platform: The Case of MarketMaker. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 38(3), 359–378. 2. Accessed March 5th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44131302.

Moeti, M. N., Mokwena, S. N., & Malebana, D. D. (2021). The acceptance and use of online shopping in Limpopo province. SA Journal of Information Management, 23(1).

Katta, R. M. R., & Patro, C. S. (2017b). Influence of Perceived Benefits on Consumers’ Online Purchase Behaviour. International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development, 9(3), 38–64. Accessed March 5th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322781531_Influence_of_Perceived_Benefits_on_Consumers%27_Online_Purchase_Behaviour_An_Empirical_Study.

Clarke, G., Thompson, C., & Birkin, M. (2015). The emerging geography of e-commerce in British retailing. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2(1), 371–391.

Wagner, G., Schramm-Klein, H., & Schu, M. (2016). Determinants and Moderators of Consumers’ Cross-Border Online Shopping Intentions. Marketing: ZFP – Journal of Research and Management, 38(4), 214–227. Accessed March 5th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26426827.

S. Brima, A., & Sesay, B. (2019b). Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption among SMEs in Sierra Leone: The Moderating Role of Geographical Location. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 1–12. Accessed March 5th, 2022, https://www.ijsmsjournal.org/ijsms-v2i1p101.html.

Edwards, S. M., Lee, J. K., & Ferle, C. L. (2009). Does Place Matter When Shopping Online? Perceptions of Similarity and Familiarity as Indicators of Psychological Distance. Journal of Interactive Advertising,

(1), 35–50. Accessed March 6th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15252019.2009.10722161.

Bi, R., Davison, R. M., & Smyrnios, K. X. (2016). E-business and fast growth SMEs. Small Business Economics, 48(3), 559–576.

Gregg, D., & Parthasarathy, M. (2017). Factors affecting the long-term survival of eBay ventures: a longitudinal study. Small Business Economics, 49(2), 405–419.

Choshin, M., & Ghaffari, A. (2017). An investigation of the impact of effective factors on the success of e-commerce in small- and medium-sized companies. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 67–74.

Al-Bakri, A. A., & Katsioloudes, M. I. (2015). The factors affecting e-commerce adoption by Jordanian SMEs. Management Research Review, 38(7), 726–749.

Zhao, X., Zhao, K., & Deng, J. (2018). Geography Still Matters: Examine the Role of Location in Online Markets for Foreign Branded Products. Decision Sciences, 50(2), 285–310.

Maté-Sánchez-Val, M., López-Hernandez, F., & Rodríguez Fuentes, C. C. (2018). Geographical factors and business failure: An empirical study from the Madrid metropolitan area. Economic Modelling, 74, 275–283.

Zheng, D., Yang, W., & Wang, D. (2019). E-commerce, Collaborative Innovation Capability and Performance: An Empirical Study of Shipping Companies. Journal of Coastal Research, 392–397. Accessed March 7th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26853971.

Ma, X., Delios, A., & Lau, C. M. (2013). Beijing or Shanghai? The strategic location choice of large MNEs’ host-country headquarters in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(9), 953–961.Accessed March 7th, 2022, retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/jintbs/v44y2013i9p953-961.html.

Hsiao, L., & Chen, Y. J. (2012). The perils of selling online: Manufacturer competition, channel conflict, and consumer preferences. Marketing Letters, 24(3), 277–292.

Dixit, A., Clouse, C., & Turken, N. (2019) Strategic Business Location Decisions: Importance of Economic Factors and Place Image. Rutgers Business Review, 4(1), 73-91.

MANNING, R. A. (2020). Trade and Financial Fragmentation: New Challenges to Global Stability. Atlantic Council.

Chapple, K. (2016). Income Inequality and Urban Displacement. New Labor Forum, 26(1), 84–93.

Zhu, F., & Xiaoquan (Michael) Zhang. (2010). Impact of Online Consumer Reviews on Sales: The Moderating Role of Product and Consumer Characteristics. Journal of Marketing, 74(2), 133–148. Accessed March 10th, 2022, retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1509/jm.74.2.133

Bansal, P., & DesJardine, M. R. (2014). Business sustainability: It is about time. Strategic Organization, 12(1), 70–78.

Jimenez, Dulce, Valdes, Sade, & Salinas, Mariana. (2019). Popularity Comparison between E-Commerce and Traditional Retail Business. International Journal of Technology for Business (IJTB), 1(1), 10–16. Accessed March 10th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/194866/1/19107-78060-1-10-20190316.pdf.

Goeman, J. J., & le Cessie, S. (2006). A Goodness-of-Fit Test for Multinomial Logistic Regression. Biometrics, 62(4), 980–985.

Arrfelt, M., Wiseman, R. M., McNamara, G., & Hult, G. T. M. (2014). Examining a key corporate role: The influence of capital allocation competency on business unit performance. Strategic Management Journal, 36(7), 1017–1034. Accessed March 10th, 2022, retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smj.2264.

Menard, S. (2011). Standards for Standardized Logistic Regression Coefficients. Social Forces, 89(4), 1409–1428.

Kirby-Hawkins, E., Birkin, M., & Clarke, G. (2018). An investigation into the geography of corporate e-commerce sales in the UK grocery market. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 46(6), 1148–1164.

Chen, Q., & Zhang, N. (2015). Does E-Commerce Provide a Sustained Competitive Advantage? An Investigation of Survival and Sustainability in Growth-Oriented Enterprises. Sustainability, 7(2), 1411–1428.

Sefiani, Y., Davies, B., & Bown, R. (2016). The perceptual effects of location on the performance of small businesses.

Chin, J. T. (2020). Location Choice of New Business Establishments: Understanding the Local Context and Neighborhood Conditions in the United States. Sustainability, 12(2), 501.

Indarti, N. (2004). Business Location and Success: The Case of Internet Café Business in Indonesia. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 6(2), 171.

Hsu, W. (2012). Central Place Theory and City Size Distribution. The Economic Journal, 122(563), 903–932. Accessed March 12th, 2022, retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02518.x.

Goerzen, A., Asmussen, C. G., & Nielsen, B. B. (2013). Global cities and multinational enterprise location strategy. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(5), 427–450. Accessed March 12th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23434156

Macroeconomic Implications of Agglomeration. (2014). Econometrica, 82(2), 731–764.

Sobri Minai, M., & Lucky, E. O. I. (2011). The Moderating Effect of Location on Small Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(10). Accessed March 12th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266869083_The_Moderating_Effect_of_Location_on_Small_Firm_Performance_Empirical_Evidence

Murphy, G. B., Trailer, J. W., & Hill, R. C. (1996). Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research. Journal of Business Research, 36(1), 15–23. Accessed March 12th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/014829639500159X

Panigyrakis, G. G., & Theodoridis, P. K. (2007). Market orientation and performance: An empirical investigation in the retail industry in Greece. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14(2), 137–149. Accessed March 14th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0969698906000348

Ittner, C. D. and D. F. Larcker (2003). Coming Up Short on Nonfinancial Performance Measurement. Harvard Business Review, 88-95.

Department of Trade and Industry. (2022, October 20th). MSME Statistics. Department of Trade and Industry Philippines.https://www.dti.gov.ph/resources/msme-statistics.

More than 1.08 million Establishments Operated in 2021 which Generated Total Employment of 8.57 million (2021 Updating of the List of Establishments Preliminary Results) | Philippine Statistics Authority. (n.d.-b). Accessed October 10th, 2022, retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/content/more-108-million-establishments-operated-2021-which-generated-total-employment-857-million.

Urban Barangays Philippines Based 2010. (n.d.). Philippine Statistics Authority. Accessed October 13th, 2022, retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/content/urban-barangays-philippines-based-2010-cph.

Pearson Correlation Coefficient - Quick Introduction. (n.d.). Accessed October 19th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.spss-tutorials.com /pearson-correlation-coefficient.

How to perform a moderator analysis with a dichotomous moderator variable in SPSS Statistics | Laerd Statistics. (n.d.). Accessed October 19th, 2022, retrieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials /dichotomous-moderator-analysis-using-spss-statistics.php

Statistics Solutions. (2022, June 21st). Can an Ordinal Likert Scale be a Continuous Variable? Accessed October 19th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/can-an-ordinal-likert-scale-be-a- continuous-variable.

Robitzsch, A. (2020). Why Ordinal Variables Can (Almost) Always Be Treated as Continuous Variables: Clarifying Assumptions of Robust Continuous and Ordinal Factor Analysis Estimation Methods. Frontiers. Accessed October 19th, 2022, retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.589965/full.

Johnson, D. R., & Creech, J. C. (1983). Ordinal Measures in Multiple Indicator Models: A Simulation Study of Categorization Error. American Sociological Review, 48(3), 398.

Talavera, C. (2022, November 12). DTI, ILO sign MOU for MSME training. Philstar.com.

Van den Brink, W.P. & Koele, P. (2002). Statistiek, deel 3 [Statistics, part 3]. Amsterdam: Boom.

sss

Published

2022-11-23

How to Cite

Salcedo, N., Ballesteros, A. V., & Rosete, M. A. (2022). The Moderating Effect of Location on Online Business Performance in the Philippines. UJoST- Universal Journal of Science and Technology, 1(2), 331–358. https://doi.org/10.11111/ujost.v1i2.90

Most read articles by the same author(s)